THE IRAQI CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE MARSH ARABS: ECOCIDE AS GENOCIDEProfessor Joseph W. DellapennaVillanova University School of Law
JURIST Guest Columnist
Readers might recall seeing the movie “Three Kings” a few years back. It was one of the few films made about the Gulf War. Basically a remake of the equally improbable World War II movie “Kelly’s Gold,” it is about a group of American soldiers who attempt to steal a stock of gold supposedly belonging to Saddam Hussein, but find themselves caught up in rescuing a large number of hapless Iraqis who had foolishly responded to President Bush’s call for Iraqis to rise up and overthrow Saddam. Most viewers of the film probably did ask themselves who were these Iraqis, for the movie did not tell us much about them. They really were only props for the American heroes. Given the location in the south of Iraq and their flight into Iran at the end of the movie, they probably were Marsh Arabs - even though no marshes at all were in sight on the screen.
Who Are the Marsh Arabs? While Saddam’s persecution of political enemies is notorious, many people have not much attention to just who these enemies are. Persons who are particularly attentive to the situation in Iraq would have heard of Kurds in the north, or of Shiite Arabs generally. Others might have thought of “enemies” only as a generic term with no specific content. Neither group was likely to have heard of the “Marsh Arabs” of southern Iraq who have been one of Saddam’s main targets. The Marsh Arabs constitute a society of 500,000 or more people who have lived in and around an enormous freshwater wetland ecosystem for thousands of years. Since the Gulf War, the Marsh Arabs have suffered the total destruction of their economy, their culture, their habitat and their way of life.
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