Parts
1,
2,
3, and
4 in this occasional series are also on-line.
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The Dutch Republic of the
17th century probably qualifies as the first truly bourgeois state in Western history. By modern standards, to be sure, the Dutch Republic was extraordinarily narrow, oligarchic, and fundamentally unequal. To the Dutch Republic's contemporaries, though, the Republic was inclusive, pluralistic, and fundamentally egalitarian, to say nothing of being quite rich.
At the Dutch Republic's height in the mid-17th century, Dutch trading companies possessed two colonies which could be defined as colonies of European immigration, namely the New Netherlands (modern New York) and the Cape Province (at the time, southwestern South Africa). Neither colony thrived under Dutch rule, however: New Netherlands passed to England following its 1666 conquest and quickly became assimilated into the British North Atlantic colonial empire, while what settlement did occur in the Cape Province was incidental, a byproduct of the Dutch East India Company's concern with being able to restock its ships on the long sea route to Indonesia.
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