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  • Bad Astronomer Phil Plait reports on the massive cloud of material detected around the active galaxy Cygnus A.

  • The Crux suggests our contemporary problems with wisdom teeth represent not a failure of evolution but rather a failure on our post-Neolithic parts to eat hard foods which stimulate the jaw growth capable of supporting wisdom teeth.

  • D-Brief notes how the astronomers involved in a planetary effort to image a black hole are preparing to make an announcement next week.

  • Gizmodo notes how the debris field created in orbit by India testing an anti-satellite weapon threatens the ISS.

  • Joe. My. God. notes that at least some hotels owned by the Sultan of Brunei are deleting their social media profiles following protests over Brunei's violent anti-gay laws.

  • JSTOR Daily considers if, between the drop in fertility that developing China was likely to undergo anyway and the continuing resentments of the Chinese, the one-child policy was worth it.

  • Scott Lemieux at Lawyers, Guns and Money uses a recent New York Times profile to note the sheer influence of Rupert Murdoch worldwide.

  • The Map Room Blog notes a new exhibition, at the shop of a Manhattan rare book dealer, of a collection of vintage maps of New York City from its foundation, sharing some photos, even.

  • Marginal Revolution remarks on the rapid growth of Native American numbers in the United States over the past century.

  • The NYR Daily shares a report from Debbie Bookchin in North Syria arguing that the West needs to help Rojava.

  • Roads and Kingdoms provides some tips for first-time visitors to the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo.

  • The Russian Demographics Blog notes the continuing growth in numbers of dead from HIV infection in Russia, with Siberia being a new hotspot.

  • Starts With A Bang's Ethan Siegel explains how the Event Horizon Telescope project will image a black hole's event horizon, and what questions exist around the project.

  • Frank Jacobs at Strange Maps shares an Anish Kapoor map demonstrating the Brexit divides in the United Kingdom.

  • Daniel Little at Understanding Society considers the study of ethical disasters in capitalism, looking at OxyContin as an example.

  • Window on Eurasia notes continued threats, and continued protests to these threats, surrounding Lake Baikal in Siberia.

  • Arnold Zwicky has fun with a cartoon that plays on a pun between the words chants and chance.

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  • CityLab shares newly unearthed photos of the destroyed Detroit neighbourhood of Black Bottom.

  • The National Post reports that apparently the latest iteration of the Winter Carnival in Québec City has not met with popular approval.

  • CityLab explored for Valentine's Day the notable history of Boston as a centre for the manufacture of candy.

  • CityLab notes how the nascent condo boom in Queens' Long Island City, set to capitalize on the Amazon HQ2 there, has been undermined abruptly by Amazon's withdrawal.

  • Ozy looks at the historic Uruguay town of Colonia del Sacramento.

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  • Samantha Edwards at NOW Toronto writes about Tunirrusiangit, the new Inuit art exhibit playing at the AGO, here.

  • National Geographic reports on the discovery of the royal home of a Floridian king known for opposing Spain.

  • An app that tells one about the indigenous history of the place where one lives is really quite useful. Yes Magazine has it.

  • Smithsonian Magazine examines the question why it takes so long for scientists to verify indigenous knowledge, here.

  • This Stephanie Nolen report from The Globe and Mail takes a look at the struggle of descendants of the Charrua, the indigenous people of Uruguay, to gain official recognition.

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  • Centauri Dreams notes new studies suggesting the flares of red dwarf stars damage potentially habitable planets.

  • The Crux notes that the wild apple is going extinct.
  • D-Brief notes that recent high winds in Europe helped push energy prices there to negative territory.

  • The Frailest Thing considers Neil Postman's thoughts on the intersection of mass media and childhood.

  • Inkfish argues in favour of accidental wetlands in urban areas.
  • Language Log looks at the trope of the repeated character in some recent Chinese advertising.

  • The LRB Blog considers the costs, environmental and otherwise, to the United States' leaving the Paris climate agreement.

  • Marginal Revolution wonders what assumptions about deep history the news of Homo sapiens' longer history overturn.

  • The Power and the Money's Noel Maurer notes that, in the area of energy costs, mid-20th century Uruguay was worse off than New Zealand.
  • The Russian Demographics Blog looks at polling on Russian opinions about the Russian Far East and its future.

  • Yorkshire Ranter Alex Harrowell is skeptical about Jeremy Paxman's claims about privacy in modern journalism.

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  • Bloomberg reports on Dutch losses from Brexit, looks at the scene in Fallujah, observes the fragmentation of Venezuela's opposition, and notes the positive impact of a solar energy boom on Japan's fuel consumption.

  • Bloomberg View notes the lack of regional pressure on Venezuela, reports that Brexit would hit Britain's poor and British-based banks hard, and suggests Russian support for the European far right is secondary.

  • CBC looks at Canada's restrictive Internet packages.

  • The Inter Press Service notes Thailand's progress in controlling HIV/AIDS, looks at Peru's elections, and notes Uruguay's hopes to be an offshore oil producer.

  • National Geographic notes the sperm whales in the Caribbean seem to have a distinctive culture.

  • The National Post notes there is no such thing as wilderness, that the entire Earth is touched by human activities.

  • Open Democracy looks at Egypt's fear of the urban poor and considers what can be learned about the failure of the Swiss basic income initiative.

  • The Toronto Star notes a stem cell-based treatment for MS that offers radical improvements, even cures.

  • Wired notes that AirBnB is unhappy with new San Francisco legislation requiring the registration of its hosts.

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  • Bad Astronomy notes the literally cosmic homophobia of Louie Gohmert.

  • The Big Picture notes a Chinese factory set to make a fortune off of making masks of the American presidential candidates.

  • blogTO notes the raising of the Trans and Pride flags at Toronto City Hall, marking the beginning of Pride month.

  • Crooked Timber notes the racism that erased the genealogy of African-Americans.

  • Joe. My. God. notes that Britain's NHS has rejected PrEP again.

  • Language Log notes the sensitivity of the local version of the name "Pikachu" in Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong.

  • The LRB Blog reports from the scene of an active volcano in Nicaragua.

  • Marginal Revolution notes that witchcraft apparently does hurt economic progress.

  • The Power and the Money's Noel Maurer wonders why New Zealand and Uruguay, with such similar economies, saw such substantial economic divergence after 1950.

  • Peter Rukavina reports on an interesting Asian food store in Charlottetown.

  • The Russian Demographics Blog notes a Russian claim that condoms cause HIV transmission.

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  • Bloomberg notes that Alberta's oil camps are set to revive quickly and looks at Uruguay's venture onto global caviar markets.

  • Bloomberg View argues that the US military buildup in Europe is unnecessary and talks about reducing urban inequality.

  • CBC notes controversy over forcing women to wear high-heeled shoes and considers the import and scale of Russia's doping scandal.

  • The Globe and Mail interviews prolific author James Patterson.

  • MacLean's notes how the Parti Québécois' cycles of self-destruction hurt Québec's politics.

  • The National Post reports of a FBI raid of an Orthodox school in New York's Kiryas Joel.

  • Wired argues California's drought is likely permanent and notes the impending mass introduction of electronic paper.

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At first glance, Ken Parks' Bloomberg article suggests that Uruguayans--at least car-buyers--benefit from a very competitive auto retail sector.

Uruguayans love their beef, wine and cheap Chinese cars that used to account for almost a quarter of new vehicle sales. But competition from low-cost Brazilian and Indian cars has sent Chinese sales into a tailspin this year.

Chinese passenger vehicle sales tumbled almost 34 percent year-on-year during the first 10 months of 2015, compared to a 9 percent decline in the total market, according to data from Uruguayan automotive trade group ACAU.

China’s market share in Uruguay, once the highest in Spanish-speaking South America, has plunged with sales. Brands such as BYD, Geely and Chery represented 17 percent of new passenger vehicle sales this year, down from 23 percent in 2014.

The devaluation of the Brazilian real, which has helped Volkswagen and Fiat factories in Brazil, and Suzuki imports from India have forced dealerships to cut prices on Chinese vehicles, Santiago Guelfi, a director at BYD and Peugeot distributor Sadar, said earlier this month.
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The Globe and Mail's Stephanie Nolen reports on the unfortunate aftermath of an initiative by Uruguay to welcome six releasees from Guantanamo. Apparently too little has been done to ensure their reintegration into their new society.

This began as a story of compassion and renewal. Before dawn one warm Sunday last December, six inmates from the U.S. military jail in Guantanamo Bay landed at an airstrip here in the Uruguayan capital. The U.S. flew them from Guantanamo shackled and hooded, but Uruguayan officials insisted they be unbound before they left the plane, and walk as free men into their new lives.

These six – four Syrians, a Tunisian and a Palestinian – were all identified as former al-Qaeda fighters, and theirs was a significant resettlement from the prison that bedevils the Obama administration.

They moved into a house in a slightly down-at-heel neighbourhood in the centre of Montevideo. In the first days, the six – who had spent years in solitary confinement and on hunger strikes – took wide-eyed trips to the grocery store and walks on the beachfront. Uruguayans waved and approached to welcome them and wish them well. They were to begin Spanish classes, and a construction company and other businesses promised them jobs.

The euphoria, however, was fleeting. Six months in, the men are adrift and struggling – baffled by Uruguay in the best case, enraged and bitter, in the worst. As the U.S. government seeks somewhere, anywhere, to resettle the other Guantanamo inmates, Uruguay’s story of transcultural empathy stands as a cautionary tale.

[. . .]

[President José Mujica] agreed to take them – but did not, it now appears, do much to prepare his tiny country, with a total Muslim population of about 300, to support and resettle six men with murky pasts who endured years of brutal interrogation and isolation.
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Bloomberg View's Mac Margolis writes about poor Mercosur. Is the Common Market of the South, founded on a deal between Brazil and Argentina, salvageable at this stage?

When it kicked off in 1991, Mercosur, the abbreviated name for the Mercado Comun del Sur, or the "South American Common Market," looked like a winner. Latin America had cashiered its dictators and begun to open its borders. Free trade winds were blowing, and the region's emerging democracies wanted to join forces to cash in on the global bonanza.

[. . .]

A renewed Mercosur would lead the way. On paper, the trade bloc is a juggernaut. If it were a country, it would have the world's fifth-largest economy and a population of 295 million.

Solidarity made a good bumper sticker, but it didn't translate easily into good trade policy. As the raw materials boom subsided, markets retracted and protectionism returned. Governments raised non-tariff barriers and imposed import quotas against their neighbors.

The customs union announced in 1994 ought to have been completed by 2006. With luck, said Lia Valls, trade expert at the Getulio Vargas Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, "the agreement will be in place by 2018 or 2019."

Meantime, just about anything goes. Some trade analysts estimate that up to half of the goods traded between Mercosur partners do not benefit from the reduced common tariff. "Uruguay does what it wants. Argentina doesn't want free trade, and Brazil doesn't lead," Mauro LaViola, head of Brazil's Export Association, told me.
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  • blogTO notes that a party celebrating the end of Rob Ford's term as mayor is being planned for election night at City Hall.

  • Centauri Dreams notes the discovery of secondary targets for New Horizons after it passes Pluto.

  • The Dragon's Gaze links to a paper that looks to examine the oblateness or otherwise of some exoplanets discovered by Kepler.

  • The Dragon's Tales links to one paper examining underwater archeology and links to a series debating the question of whether or not there was a human presence 30 thousand years ago at a site in Uruguay.

  • Eastern Approaches reports on the aftermath of a failed claim by Radek Sikorski that Russia made a 2008 proposal on partitioning Ukraine.
  • Joe. My. God. notes a Costa Rican survey suggesting that up to a fifth of Costa Rican police think that harassing GLBT people is OK.

  • Language Hat notes the etymology of the Egyptian title of "khedive", apparently obscure for a reason.

  • Language Log notes a contentious issue in Chinese translation: "rule of law" or "rule by law"?

  • The Power and the Money's Noel Maurer looks at the aftermath of a stunt at a Serbian-Albanian football game.

  • The Russian Demographics Blog considers estimates for Russian losses in Ukrainian fighing.

  • Towleroad notes that Argentina has granted asylum to a Russian GLBT claimant.

  • Window on Eurasia suggests that Ukrainian events have awakened Belarusian nationalism.

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  • Al Jazeera notes the rivalry between the Islamic State and al-Qaeda, observes claims of persecution by evangelical Christians of followers of traditional African religions in Brazil, notes that separatism is unpopular in Scotland's border regions, considers the problems of a beetle theme park in the penumbra of Japan's Fukushima, looks at a Palestinian-American model, and considers rap music in Iran.

  • The Atlantic notes how events have vindicated the American Congress' Barbara Lee, the only person not to vote in favour of granting unlimited war-making powers to the American presiden after 9/11, looks at the existential problems of Yiddish outside of ultra-Orthodox communities, and examines Stephen King's thinking on how to teach writing.

  • Bloomberg notes the water problems of Detroit, looks at proposals to give Scotland home rule and Euroskepticism among the English, considers claims that Scotland might need huge reserves to back up its currency, notes ways sanctions threaten oil deals with Russian companies, examines Poland's natural gas issues and those of the rest of central and southeastern Europe, notes Ukraine's exclusion of Russian companies from a 3G cellular auction, notes the reluctance of Scottish banks to support an independent Scotland, and observes how domestic protectionism in Argentina is boosting Uruguay's beef exports to Europe.

  • The Bloomberg View argues that it should be possible to cleanly break up even established nation-states, is critical of what Colombia is doing to Venezuelan refugees, argues that the achievements of social insects like acts are irrelevant to more complex beings like us, and suggests Britain has no place to criticize China over Hong Kong.

  • CBC notes the strength of Inuit oral history following the discovery of one of the Franklin Expedition's ships, notes that the type of cancer that killed Terry Fox is now highly curable, and notes NDP leader Thomas Mulcair's proposal of a $15 an hour federal minimum wage.

  • The Inter Press Service notes Uzbekistan's fear of Russia motivating a look for eastern allies and suggests that an anti-discrimination law can worsen the plight of sexual minorities in Georgia.

  • MacLean's notes that Mexican economic development is good for Canada, looks at Catalonian secessionism, and suggests that a new EI tax credit won't help Canadian business boost employment.

  • Open Democracy looked at the likely outcome of Crimean elections under Russian rule.

  • The Toronto Star revisited the unsettled state of affairs in the Central African Republic.

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  • Centauri Dreams' Paul Gilster visits depictions of Europa in classic science fiction.

  • The Dragon's Gaze links to a paper claiming that whether a planet of Earth's mass becomes Earth-like or a mini-Neptune depends not so much on the planet as on the characteristics of its nebula.

  • The Dragon's Tales notes archeological analyses which suggest that Neanderthals were just as technologically capable of Homo sapiens.

  • Joe. My. God. quotes from ex-ex-gay John Paulk, who describes the factors that led him to flirt with the ex-gay movement.

  • Language Log's Victor Mair doesn't think Putonghua will become a world language because of its script. (Me, I think that's decidedly secondary.)

  • Lawyers, Guns and Money starts a discussion on nuclear waste that's a bit too panicky for my liking.

  • The Power and the Money notes that southern Brazil, like Argentina and Uruguay experienced sharp relative economic decline in the 20th century. This regional decline got missed in national statistics.

  • Strange Maps' Frank Jacobs wonders why so many towns in the American South--especially Georgia--seem to be circular.

  • Towleroad notes that prominent Russian homophobe and politician Vitaly Milonov is calling on Russia to abandon Eurovision on account of its queer associations.

  • Transit Toronto notes a proposal to connect Toronto to London and Kitchener-Waterloo via high-speed train.

  • Window on Eurasia suggests that the Russian private sector is being undermined and notes that Russians don't travel all that much.

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  • Bad Astronomy's Phil Plait approves of the names of Pluto's two most recently-discovered moons, Kereberos and Styx.

  • Beyond the Beyond's Bruce Sterling observes that Altavista is set to disappear from the Internet as of the 8th.

  • Daniel Drezner notes that the inability of Edward Snowden to find a country to grant him, buster of state secrets, asylum demonstrates that states around the world like keeping their prerogatives and secrets intact.

  • Commemorating the accession of Croatia to the European Union, Eastern Approaches visits a Dubrovnik that is virtually an enclave on account of the Bosnian frontier, and, at the other end of the Croatian arc, a Vukovar still caught up by ethnic conflict and the legacies of the Serb war in Slavonia.

  • Far Outliers notes the decline of immigrant Japanese Buddhism in Hawaii.

  • The Power and the Money's Noel Maurer explains why Uruguay, contrary to the wishes of many Argentines including--apparently--the president, is a country separate from Argentina.

  • Registan approves of alumnus Sarah Kendzior's examination of the plight of Uzbek migrants, stigmatized by the Karimov dictatorship as lazy for trying to earn a living and forced to witness the victimization of their relatives if they do anything wrong.

  • Savage Minds quotes from Umberto Eco's definition of fascism.

  • The Tin Man celebrates, as a coupled American gay man, the end of DOMA.

  • Torontoist reports that much of the controversy over the Walmart on the fringes of Kensington Market might be--according to the designer--a consequence of a lack of understanding of the design.

  • Van Waffle reports on highlights of his 2012 breeding bird survey.

  • Yorkshire Ranter Alex Harrowell reports on David Goodhart's still-dodgy use of statistics.

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  • The Burgh Diaspora notes that although the Bronx might have more incomers than fellow New York City borough Manhattan, Manhattan's catchment area is global.

  • Centauri Dreams takes a look at the study of planetary systems of subgiant stars, relatively aged stars, starting with Kappa Coronae Borealis.

  • Eastern Approaches deals with the legal and criminal controversies surrounding a Czech lobbyist.

  • In an era of increasingly pervasive and efficient surveillance technologies, the Everyday Sociology Blog's Tristan Bridges and Tara Tober wonder what privacy actually is these days.

  • Geocurrents' Asya Perelstvaig profiles the Samaritans, a little-known but enduring ethnic group related to--but distinct from--the Jews.

  • GNXP's Razib Khan notes a preliminary genetic study that gives credence to the idea of pre-Columbian Ainu migration to South America six thousand years ago. I want to see more on this.

  • Joe. My. God observes that "Ding Dong! The Witch Is Dead" is a hit on the UK pop charts.

  • At Lawyers, Guns and Money, Robert Farley notes that much criticism of Margaret Thatcher's role in the Falklands War is ill-judged, and wonders why so few people blame the Argentine junta.

  • Michael in Norfolk notes marriage rights successes in Uruguay and France.

  • The Power and the Money's Noel Maurer outlines the recent history--surprising to me--of fairly loud conflict between Argentina and Uruguay.

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Noel, do you have any insights on the situation described in this New York Times article?

For a start-up that has a hit video game for the iPhone, the new loft-style offices of Ironhide Game Studio are exactly what one would expect — a newly hired staff labors feverishly on software updates not far from a pinball machine and custom-built monster arcade cabinet intended for letting off steam.

But the company, a success in the fiercely competitive field of video game development, stands out from other high-tech ventures in one respect: its unconventional location, which frequently confuses people abroad. “They politely ask, ‘Where is Uruguay?’ ” said Álvaro Azofra, one of the three founders of Ironhide, the company behind Kingdom Rush, a lucratively popular game in the United States that involves a cartoonish kingdom under attack by marauding yetis and ogres.

Squeezed between Brazil and Argentina and long dependent on commodities exports, Uruguay may be better known for its flocks of sheep and herds of cattle. But attention is now shifting to the country’s growing constellation of start-ups that are engineering video games for computers and hand-held devices.

Developers point to a variety of reasons that Uruguay has been able to compete with South America’s larger economies, whether the creativity of its engineers and commercial artists or its relatively relaxed immigration rules and extensive use of computers in schools.

[. . .]

Gaming studios have also emerged in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s two largest cities, but developers there complain of byzantine tax regulations and labor rules that make hiring employees costlier than in some rich industrialized countries. In Argentina, dozens of game-developing start-ups have been founded in Buenos Aires.

But while Argentina has traditionally had more companies in the industry, some of the momentum is seen shifting across the border to Uruguay as Argentine ventures struggle with abrupt changes in economic policy, including the tightening of currency controls that have complicated operations for exporters.
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  • The Burgh Diaspora's Jim Russell notes how Brazil is using the Afro-Brazilian majority legacy of the transatlantic slave trade to justify the construction of new transatlantic links with Africa.

  • Crooked Timber comments upon the Irish anti-abortion laws that just cost a woman her life and the homophobia of the Reagan administration that made HIV/AIDS a laughing matter.

  • Daniel Drezner wonders if the ongoing expanding Petraeus scandal will end up diminishing the American public's regard for the military.

  • Eastern Approaches notes that no one in the Balkans seems to be commemorating the one hundredth anniversary of the First Balkan War.

  • Far Outlier's Joel quotes from Matthew Restall's Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest to describe how Christopher Columbus was really riding on the coat-tails of Portugal's successful long-range maritime exploration.

  • Geocurrents observes efforts by some Arab Christians in the Levant to revive Aramaic.

  • The Global Sociology Blog reviews Laurent Dubois' Haiti: The Aftershocks of History, highlighting the extent to which Haiti's catastrophes are the products of foreign meddling.

  • At Lawyers, Guns and Money, Erik Loomis maps Detroit. The extent to which the borders of the City of Detroit overlap with African-American majority populations, and to which the sprawl of Metro Detroit is constructed so as to detach the suburbs from any responsibility for the city at their region's center, is noteworthy.

  • The Planetary Science Blog's Emily Lakdawalla reports on Carl Sagan's feminism.

  • The Power and the Money's Noel Maurer summarizes what's going on with Uruguay's decriminalization of marijuana for personal use.

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I've always had something of a soft spot for Uruguay. I'm not sure why I've an interest in a country I've never had any significant contact with. Perhaps it's because of Uruguay's long tradition of social democracy, the generally good-natured of a country that, Tupamaros and military regime aside, has helped make the country a somewhat more shabby but still useful and up and coming Hispanophone version of New Zealand. That's why I'm a bit perturbed to see, via Will Baird and Noel Maurer, Uruguay independent filmmaker Frederico Alvarez's short film Ataque de Pánico!. The film features robots blowing up Montevideo, the Uruguayan capital. And it cost $US 300.



Among the buildings blown up are (in order), the ANTEL Telecommunications Tower that's the tallest building in Uruguay, the Palacio Legislativo building that houses the national parliament, and the iconic 26-story Art Deco Palacio Salvo tower.

Since uploading the film to YouTube, Alvarez has done well for himself.

Would-be director Federico Alvarez, who runs a post-production visual effects house in Uruguay, filmed 'Panic Attack' with a budget of just $500 in his free time.

The five minute clip - which he then uploaded to YouTube - shows an invasion of Montevideo by giant robots and had special effects which could rival many big budget movies.

Once online it got the attention of thousands of movie fans… and (not surprisingly) studio bosses who wanted to meet with Alvarez to talk about his movie.

The 30-year-old was whisked to LA where he was offered a $1 million directors fee and up to £30 million to make the film, by Mandate Pictures. The plans for the movie are said to have a "compelling original story" beyond big robots blowing stuff up.

Alvarez has also been put up in a new apartment, given a new car and will work with "Spider-Man" director Sam Raimi on developing the film.


As Bernard Guerrero said in Noel's comments, it's no surprise that with cheap cool films like this companies owning television networks are trying to unload them as quickly as they can.
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  • Acts of Minor Treasons' Andrew Barton blogs about the power problems of Iqaluit, capital of the Arctic territory of Nunavut, as symptomatic of Canada's neglect of the north and wonders if a compact nuclear reactor might be a good solution.

  • Boing Boing's Cory Doctorow reproduces part of a 1965 IKEA catalogue.

  • At Broadsides, Antonia Zerbisias blogs about how anti-choice activists have consistently lied about so-called "abortion trauma syndrome."

  • Centauri Dreams speculates as to the possibility of whether or not a brown dwarf--briefly, a massive object heavier than a planet but not heavy enough to become a star--lies close to Earth. The blog also reports on speculation that stars with massive planets may have evolved nearer to the galactic core than others.

  • Will Baird reports that fog has been found on Titan, suggesting the recycling of liquid in Titan's atmosphere in a model very similar to the water cycle on Earth.

  • Far Outliers mentions intra-Buddhist civil war in late medieval/early modern Japan.

  • Hunting Monsters suggests that British relatives of the dead in the Lockerbie disaster seem to be reacting to the convicted Libyan al-Megrahi's release less negatively than their American counterparts because they're aware of questions over the official conclusions and because they know about many wrongful prosecution cases at home.

  • Joe. My. God reports on new studies which report that, in the United States, gay/bi men contract HIV at 50 times the rate of the general population.

  • Marginal Revolution rehearses the ancient debate as to whether Americans or Europeans live better and more prosperous lives.

  • Noel Maurer wonders why the Mexican government's response to the recession is to cut spending, rather than increase it in good counter-cyclical manner. Also, he has questions about Canadian oil taxes.

  • Slap Upside the Head blogs about how a Minnesota pastor blames a recent tornado in that state on same-sex blessings.

  • Towleroad reports that Uruguay, already one of the most GLBT-friendly countries in South America, is about to legalize gay adoption.

  • The Vanity Press' Chet Scoville writes about the disconnection of so many right-wingers in the United States with reality. Death panels indeed!

  • Window on Eurasia suggests that Medvedev is referring to Ukraine as--roughly speaking--"the" Ukraine as opposed to Ukraine, I think, perhaps suggesting a certain tension regarding Ukrainian nationhood.

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This IPS article, authored by Valerie Dee, helps to highlight the huge Italian presence in South America, not only in Argentina and Uruguay but in Brazil, too.

In 1875 a handful of families from the Veneto region of northern Italy, fleeing hardship and hunger, took ship for the Empire of Brazil. Disembarking in Porto Alegre in the southeast, they hacked their way for over 100 kilometres through densely wooded country into the Serra Gaúcha hills, up to 800 metres above sea level.

Land, 25 to 50 hectares per family, was distributed free to these self-reliant pioneers in an area of the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul named Dona Isabel, after his daughter, by the emperor Dom Pedro II (1831-1889). This imperial policy, which followed the abolition of slavery in 1871, was aimed at populating the land and making it productive.

Important changes were under way in the economy of Rio Grande do Sul. Soon, railways connected the countryside to Porto Alegre, the state capital and chief port, and together with the introduction of steam ships, quicker and cheaper transport boosted exports.

The population of the state of Rio Grande do Sul doubled between 1872 and 1890, from 434,813 people to 897,455, according to records at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). This was partly due to immigration: about 60,000 immigrants, mostly from Italy, settled in the Serra Gaúcha region during this period, and continued to arrive in large numbers in the following decades.

The descendants of Italian immigrants are estimated at 25 million in this country of 190 million, and in southern Brazil they represent around 35 percent of the population.

[. . .]

Rio Grande do Sul is the Brazilian state with the fourth highest human development index (HDI), according to the United Nations Development Fund (UNDP), after Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Santa Catarina. Brazil's overall HDI ranking places it 70th out of 177 countries worldwide.

Eleventh in size out of the 26 Brazilian states, with a population of 11 million people, Rio Grande do Sul is larger in area than the country of Uruguay, with 3.2 million people, on its southern border.

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